![]() © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.įc-fusion protein concentration polarization intermolecular interactions monoclonal antibody physical properties ultrafiltration viscosity. mAb monoclonal antibody, pCO2 partial pressure of carbon dioxide. These results provide important insights into the factors controlling the filtrate flux during the UF of concentrated protein solutions and an effective framework for the design/analysis of UF processes for the formulation of antibody-based therapeutics. Figure 1: Flow diagram of upstream unit operations for manufacturing scenarios. The filtrate flux data were analyzed using a recently developed model that accounts for the effects of intermolecular interactions and transmembrane pressure gradients on the extent of concentration polarization. monoclonal antibody reagents in drug manufacturing A major use of mAb reagents is in the purification of drug substance by mAbs attached to a solid support (e.g., immunoaffinity chromatography). The maximum achievable protein concentration was directly correlated with the solution viscosity, which controls the pressure drop and extent of back-filtration in the cassette. ![]() Independent experimental measurements were performed to evaluate the protein osmotic pressure and solution viscosity. Filtrate flux data were obtained using a Pellicon 3 tangential flow filtration cassette over a wide range of transmembrane pressures and bulk protein concentrations. Flow diagram key: Reference these numbers in the product selection guide tool. recombinant antibodies vs traditional antibodies. ![]() The objective of this study was to quantitatively compare the filtrate flux behavior for two highly purified mAbs and an Fc-fusion protein under identical flow and buffer conditions. Find out more about our recombinant antibodies and production process here. Ultrafiltration (UF) is used for the final concentration and formulation of essentially all antibody-based therapeutics including both monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and Fc-fusion proteins. ![]()
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![]() You can get the same effect by temporarily disabling Wi-Fi on the router. To be sure - turn off Wi-Fi on every smartphone, tablet and TV with Smart services. In addition, you should check that no device connected to the same network is using the Internet. Turn off Wi-Fi and connect to the router with an Ethernet cable 1000 Mbps (1 Gbps) Ĭonnect your laptop to a power source and put the power management profile into maximum performance mode. Therefore, when starting the FIREPROBE ® service, we must ensure that the computer can freely use the connection option offered by our provider.įirst, make sure you are unlimited in your computer's speed:ĭisable the VPN connection, if you use it, you can do it from the level of the program to securely connect to the network or anti-virus ĭisable applications using the Internet that work in the background (eg uTorrent), you will find them in the tab in the lower right corner of the screen, or in the "Task Manager" tool We will be most interested in the "dry" result, which we will achieve by testing a completely unloaded network. It can affect your enjoyment of streaming video and music services, drag your online gaming to a crawl, and make your overall internet experience miserable.Measuring internet connection speed can be affected by many factors. Ultimately, just accepting and dealing with slow Wifi or slow internet speed isn’t a good option. They may need to send you a replacement router. ![]() Troubleshoot your in-home Wi-Fi configuration before blaming your ISP.Make sure that your router settings are correct and optimized.There are several actions you can take to correct the problem. If you find that your Wi-Fi speeds aren’t what you expected,ĭon’t despair. Peak internet use hours in your neighborhood. Ideal internet speeds, and the lowest measurement as what you can expect during You can use the best measurement as a baseline for your The day, and during different days of the week, you’ll ensure you’re getting a Solution: Perform multiple tests at different times of the day and week.īy spreading out your Wi-Fi testing over multiple times of The best thing to do is to scan for all the networks nearby and try to switch to a different channel.Īlso, most people are still using 2.4Ghz networks, so moving to a 5Ghz connection can really speed things up, though this would normally require upgrading your router. If you run your Wi-Fi speed test during a time when everyone in the neighborhood is at home streaming movies or playing online games, you’re going to see a significant drop in your test measurements.Īnother issue with neighbors is overlapping wireless channels. Just a matter of clicking a test button and letting the test run its course. Performing any of these tests is fast and easy. All you must do to run the test is visit the site! : One of the easiest online tests you can perform is the one at.: This service offers three distinct tests for specifically measuring download and upload speeds, and an automatic speed tests that measures your internet speed over a period of time. ![]() SpeedOf.Me: This web-based speed test has one of the coolest user interfaces of any available online tool.AT&T Speed Test: AT&T offers this quick browser-based test to measure accurate upload and download speeds between your computer and the internet.: This service is offered by Ookla and lets you perform parallel stream tests for accurate speeds, or a single connection mode to simulate downloading a single, large file. ![]() There are many free tools available that will give you If Mbps doesn’t make any sense to you, make sure to read my guide on understanding network transfer speeds first. Your Google Drive or other cloud storage account.Īll speed test tools will provide you with download and upload speeds in megabits per second (Mbps) and sometimes also ping time in milliseconds (ms). For example, uploading files from your computer to Let you know how long it’ll take to transfer files or other content from yourĬomputer to the internet. Streaming services to your computer or downloading files. This includes time it’ll take to stream content from video Show you how quickly your computer can transfer content from the internet to ![]() ![]() ![]() It looked like William kept his wife shopping close to home. In the 1900 census (before Aunt Marion was born in 1903), I have since found William and Nellie with a son, Harvey, born in 1894, living two doors down from Thomas and Bridget Green, and their daughter, Frances. I had Aunt Marion’s parents recorded as William Walter Witten and Nellie Cummings. Of course, I didn’t have my data file, or any internet access! The names and dates engraved on the base didn’t mean anything to me then. ![]() Could that headstone possibly be related to her? We had no other leads, so we got out. I remembered Uncle Fred’s wife, Marion, had a maiden name of Witten. You’re probably thinking, “That doesn’t look much like Schweiger,” right? Nope, but when I saw it, a vague memory popped into my head. The names are Harvey William Witten, Frances Green Witten, Thomas Green, and Bridget Green. Headstone for inlaw relatives of the brother of my grandmother, Victoria Barbara Schweiger. ![]() Out the left-hand window, close to the road, was this headstone: Ascension Catholic Cemetery, 1920 Buckley Road, Libertyville, Lake County, Illinois. We hadn’t gone far when I told my dad to stop. Of course, any flush-to-the-ground headstones were invisible to us, as well as anything any distance from the road. Dad drove slowly, while we kept our eyes peeled on either side for the names on headstones. One of Dad’s favorite sayings was, “Nothing ventured, nothing gained.” So we gambled and decided to just drive down the main road (between sections 1 and 2), hoping to get lucky. We didn’t have this while we were there, and had no idea where the headstones we were looking for were located! Map of Ascension Catholic Cemetery, 1920 Buckley Road, Libertyville, Lake County, Illinois. Trying to “walk” that cemetery would have taken forever. Naturally, the Schweiger and Witten headstones are still in the 48% not documented! Even with fewer people buried there in 1996, Ascension was still a big place. The current stats at Find A Grave indicate there are 14,519 memorials at Ascension, with 52% of them photographed. We’d gone out of our way to drive there, but had no clue where to start searching for the headstone we knew was there. The self-serve kiosk now at the cemetery wasn’t even a twinkle in a programmer’s eye in 1996. I had no idea where Uncle Fred was buried. Unfortunately, it was Sunday, so the cemetery’s office was closed. It’s farther north than the others, and I’d never been there before. I knew my grandmother’s youngest brother, Frederick Hugh Schweiger, was buried in Ascension Catholic Cemetery, in Libertyville. We hit the old standbys of Ridgewood and Sacred Heart (where my grandparents are buried), but had also decided to visit other cemeteries, with more distantly-connected relations. My parents and I made the rounds of the cemeteries that weekend. It was an odd time of year to visit, but my 20th high school reunion must have been scheduled, so I was up for that. In October, 1996, I found myself visiting my parents. We don’t always realize when or how that work will pay off. Fortunately, genealogy doesn’t usually require heavy sweating though it involves plenty of work. Thomas Alva Edison said, “Success is 90% perspiration and 10% inspiration!” That’s not far off from Jefferson’s comment about hard work. ![]() ![]() ![]() However, having some formal, or even casual training, can help set you up for success in your job search. Cesar suggests that, "any education that will educate your eye for design, proportion, and composition will do." Most studios won’t specify a fixed level of training, choosing to focus more on the artistic ability shown in your portfolio. You don’t necessarily need a degree to be a concept artist. So you want to be a video game concept artist? It’s time to build your character profile then! ![]() Experiment with digital tools, don't be afraid to put together a bad piece of work, and begin to find your footing - you'll be building the skills you need later down the line. If you're looking to work in concept art in gaming, cover the fundamentals of art first. "If you can't show the light, your image won't shine!"Ī few books that Temarius recommends to aspiring concept artists are ‘How to Draw’ by Scott Robertson, ‘How to Render’ by Scott Robertson, ‘Color and Light’ by James Gurney, and ‘Imaginative Realism’ by James Gurney. The importance for artists to be familiar with art fundamentals was shared by Cesar, who stresses the importance of lighting. Perspective is also an important skill that will help designers sketch and draw their designs and environments from different angles." Learning how light interacts with different surfaces and materials and having the ability to draw and render those objects to a recognizable level of realism is important. He goes on to say: "Aspiring concept artists need to develop a solid understanding of light and form. Concept artists create designs that are grounded in reality and this requires an in-depth understanding of different subject matter." Temarius advises aspiring concept artists to, "develop a strong understanding of the fundamentals: color, light, form, perspective, human anatomy. The key skills you're going to need to succeed in concept art include art fundamentals and traditional drawing skills. What skills do I need to be a concept artist? This early artwork is sometimes used to sell the game’s concept to potential investors. Game concept art provides a foundation for the model artists, animators, game designers, and programmers to get a feel for the aesthetic of the game and bring the project to life. ![]() Temarius Walker, Concept Artist at Cloud Chamber, told us that, "My primary responsibility as a concept artist is to create sketches, paintings and 2D+3D imagery to help support the needs gameplay for different departments within the studio." To do this, he recommends aspiring artists to familiarize themselves with a 3D creation tool like Blender or Modo.Ĭesar Rizo, Senior Concept Artist at The Coalition, adds to this, saying, "The tools will keep changing over time, but it's always good to master Photoshop and a 3D modeling tool." Your Primary Quest:Ĭoncept artists will perform research tasks early on in a game's development and then use a variety of art skills to create the initial tone of the game. We’ve spoken to some artists already working in the industry to hear their advice on breaking into the field. Here are some tips to help you figure out if this is the right class for you, and how to successfully prepare for a career in concept art. These initial illustrations will be built on further by other members of the art team, and used as a reference by producers, programmers, and developers to create the in-game world. They set the party up for success by initiating the encounter, and are the first to draw the environments, characters, and other in-game assets. Class Summary: What Does a Concept Artist Do?Ī video game concept artist is responsible for the overall style, look, and feel of a game. ![]() ![]() ![]() Jackknife Sofas are found in a growing number of RVs on the market because of their ease of installation and suitability for smaller vehicles.A hide a bed couch from RecPro has the added benefit of a one-step set-up. The all-metal frames are lighter weight and offer complete support with a drop-down leg. Hide-A-Beds have a fuller-sized mattress to better fit a standard sheet.Starting with the basic RV furniture design, manufacturers have slenderized the lines, maximized the padded areas, and tucked in little features to make you go “ah” or “ah-hah!” Modern advancements have found their way into RV sofas as well. Now there are networks, real toilets, beds, and satellite TV. No longer do we spend days in the wilderness disconnected from the world, using the bushes, sleeping on a lumpy mat, and wondering when we will get to drive into town for ice cream. Today’s advancements have turned camping into glamping. At one time, RVing was considered a better way of “roughing it”, but it was still a pretty rough lifestyle. If you haven't purchased RV modular furniture sofas, or it has been a while, then first, you will want to get to know the features and benefits of the options available. All of our modular furniture is manufactured to hold up to repeated use both as a sleeping space and sitting area, so you and your guests will enjoy their comforts for years to come. That is why we offer a variety of options suited for the RV lifestyle in size, durability, and functionality, including:Īny of these options can double as a sitting or sleeping area and prove to maximize the interior of your leisure travel vehicle. We agree the modular furniture that goes into your rig should be as much a reflection of your personality as the outside of the vehicle and the home you live in when you aren’t motoring. ![]() But beyond that, you want to find an RV sofa, loveseat, sectional, couch, or sitting area that gets used, not because it is the only place to sit but because it has become a favorite place to sit. If you need (or want) something new, then you are looking for the best value for your money, the best fit for your space, and something that will reflect your style. The same applies to your leisure travel vehicle. And when you are selecting furniture for your home, you are looking for items that represent your style and serve a purpose. Odds are this isn’t the first time you’ve shopped for furniture. And over time, when you use something, it can break down or just become outdated. While some of us grew up in a home where the furniture was to be looked at and not sat upon, most people choose to enjoy life using the furniture they have. That's exactly what we provide at RecPro. We offer the same great comfort, durability, and style in all of our modular furniture selections and blend it with a healthy dose of versatility for a go-anywhere seat. At RecPro, returning comfort to your RV or small living space is what we are all about. In the end, you want an upholstered piece that serves its function, stands up to the test of time, and the rigors that the RV lifestyle dishes out while looking good and providing tactile comfort for you and your family. Versatile Modular Furniture for Every StyleĬombining style, function, and durability is what manufacturing good RV furniture is all about. Once you've found your perfect piece of furniture and are ready to look at the coverings, we will be glad to supply fabric swatches to help you with your decision-making journey. At RecPro, we have a vast selection of RV modular furniture, so you're sure to find something you adore. ![]() For starters, having variety without limitation. ![]() The same criteria are applied when purchasing furniture for your stationary home as when you are searching for the best RV furniture. Hide A Beds | Jackknife Sofas | Modular Sofas | Wall Mount Sofa | Charles Collection in Brisa® In Stock and free shipping! We have a huge selection of Hide-a-Beds, Jackknife Sofas, and Modular Sofas to choose from on hand and ready to go. So, no matter what you call it, we hope after a long day of driving or hiking, you find yourself relaxing with RecPro Charles furniture. We have left no stone unturned in our quest to give you “stay-at-home comfort” when you are enjoying your leisure travel adventure. If you need modular furniture for your RV, you will find comfort in every piece offered by our Charles line, from chairs to pull out sofas and more. At RecPro, we believe comfort goes beyond the tangible and should be built into every aspect of what we offer, from our selection of products to our streamlined ordering process and even to our goal of removing worry from your RV lifestyle. Whether it’s RV sofas or modular furniture, your RV seating should be comfortable no matter what you are rocking in your rig. ![]() ![]() ![]() Allows you to save full playlists & channels from YouTube.Comes with numerous in-depth tutorials that come in handy if you’re a beginner.Smart Mode – Activating the “Smart mode” feature helps in faster downloads offline and conversion.Multi-platform Compatibility – 4K Video Downloader makes it easier for you to download videos from platforms like YouTube, Dailymotion, TikTok, Facebook, Vimeo, among others.Audio Extraction – This tool allows you to extract audio from video clips.Slideshow Maker – You can use this tool to download videos, edit them, and create slideshows.It provides a fast download, and you get to store the video in original quality even after conversion. Moreover, the entire process of both downloading as well as converting videos is straightforward. belowĤK Video Downloader allows downloading and converting of videos, playlists, channels, sub-titles, and more from multiple sites. A sure-fire way to avoid this is by going with one of the paid options I recommend. The YouTube Terms of Service has stringent laws against the unlawful download and usage of videos from its platform, so make sure to pay attention to those rules.Īdditionally, many YouTube to MP3 converters are loaded with bugs and malware so you have to be careful when using them. YouTube has a stringent copyright policy in place that prevents people from downloading, playing, selling, or lending any video or audio from its platform without prior permission. ![]() Next, you can upload the file onto your PC, laptop, smartphone, tablet, or MP3 player to keep playing it. With the right YouTube to Mp3 converter, you can access any video streaming on YouTube, download it, and convert it into MP3 format. In fact, statistics suggest that 81% of 15–25 year-olds in the U.S. With so many content creators earning money on YouTube, it emerged as one of the most preferred platforms to watch videos. YouTube to MP3 converters let you rip the audio from YouTube videos into MP3 files so you can listen to them later. As a tool, it's virtually unrivaled in this space, despite having an entry fee.Want to jump right into YouTube to MP3 conversion? My top picks are 4K Video Downloader and YTD Video Downloader. It can grab videos from almost anywhere on the internet, including social media sites, too. There are options to adjust output profiles based on the type of device on which the files will be stored, as well as ways to reduce the final file size. WinX HD can convert YouTube videos to MP3, but it can also offer a wide range of formats beyond that. It requires purchasing and installing software (usually priced between $30 and $45) but it provides a wealth of options. For them, the best option is a program called WinX HD Video Converter Deluxe. Some people live a lifestyle that requires a deeper level of control over video conversion. ![]() It's safe and about as streamlined as possible. After installation, there's an option to have it convert any copied YouTube URL with a single click. This one requires installing free software, but that slight inconvenience is worth it because ClipGrab is the easiest way to convert videos. For those interested in getting MP3 versions of YouTube videos relatively often, there's an extremely convenient option in a service called ClipGrab. ![]() ![]() ![]() “I wasn’t there for the ‘exposure’.” I preferred the evenings, where I wouldn’t have to introduce playlist tunes I didn’t like. “From day one, I chose the records I wanted to play, and stuck to it ever since,” she says in the book. Unlike many of her DJ contemporaries, she’s never hosted a high-profile daily show – and that was her choice. “Taking the piss,” she writes in her book. Andrew Neil, Michael Portillo and Alan Johnson wear sunglasses to mimic her, which plays rather meanly on screen. Take the moment in her book in which she recounts being on the BBC current affairs programme This Week in 2015, promoting a compilation of her favourite tracks for the Ministry of Sound label. She’s devoid of ego, for starters, and is sweetly self-mocking. This makes her sound a Zelig-like chancer, but she’s anything but. It’s a skittish, eccentric but entertaining read, mixing reflections and transcriptions of interviews with people as far apart in time as Marc Bolan and Little Simz, with Nightingale often popping up at pivotal moments in pop culture. We’re here to discuss Nightingale’s new memoir, Hey Hi Hello, celebrating her 50 years as a Radio 1 DJ (she’s was Radio 1’s first female to boot). My parents were denied what they really wanted to do. ![]() She talks 20 to the dozen, apologising often for her enthusiasm. Equipment that’s helped her record Annie Nightingale Presents… during lockdown is piled up nearby. A copy of Vogue, bottles of chilled water, a bleeping phone and her laptop perch on a table in front of her. She wears a bright orange smock, white beaten-up Converse, and a blue medical mask (I sit at a distance for our two hours together, and wear one too). Nightingale is sitting on a white leather sofa in her red-brick west London mansion flat: a very 90s rock’n’roll setup. How on earth is she still broadcasting on the BBC’s youth station? “You tell me!” she says, warmly, a day after her show. ![]() She may now permanently wear sunglasses (green with grey lenses, bought from an Italian airport years ago for 18 euros: “God, I wish I’d bought another pair”), and she has much bigger, gothier hair, but Annie Nightingale CBE is still a Radio 1 presenter. Incredibly, Lennon used to record trails for this same DJ’s early shows, which began half a century ago. There’s also Sid Vicious’s raucous version of My Way, and John Lennon’s Instant Karma. On Desert Island Discs, the same DJ picks Ethel Merman’s Some People, a 1959 film song with lyrics that inspired her when she was a teenager (“Some people can get a thrill/Knitting sweaters and sitting still/That’s OK for some people/Who don’t know they’re alive”, it begins). To which the casual listener might naturally respond: I’m sorry, what? ![]() ![]() Like other YouTube to MP4 converters on this list, Wondershare UniConverter also boasts incredible ease of use. The tool is also compatible with numerous operating systems, including PC and Mac. Wondershare UniConverter is a top YouTube to MP4 converter that supports tons of other output formats like MP3, WAV, MOV, AVI, and MKV. Wondershare UniConverter (Formerly Wondershare Video Converter Ultimate) In addition to MP4, 4K Video Downloader supports other popular audio file formats like 3GP and FLV. It’s also of the few YouTube to MP4 converter tools for downloading private videos as well as VR videos, playlists, and channels. Like YouTube By Click, 4K Video Downloader supports downloads from YouTube and various other video-sharing websites. You also get to choose from a range of other video resolutions, such as 8K, HD 720P, and HD 1080P. Super VGA (800 x 600) resolution, 16-bit graphics card or higherĪs the name implies, 4K Video Downloader is the go-to tool for downloading YouTube videos in 4K resolution.30MB free hard disk space for installation.Since this is a downloadable program your computer should have the following system requirements: How cool is that! A built-in video player is built in too, so you can preview and playback the downloaded video files. You also have the option to choose the quality of each video (4K, 1880p, 720p, 480p, 360p and 240p.)Īnother neat feature is that the tool automatically detects advertisements and does not download them. You can then covert these video files into specific formats like MOV, MPG, AVI, MP4, WMV, and more. This powerful tool allows you to batch download videos (and subtitles) from over 1000 video sharing websites like YouTube, Vimeo, Spotify, Soundcloud, Twitter, Facebook, Dailymotion, NBCnews, CNN, BBC, ESPN, PBS, Crunchroll, etc. Allavsoft DownloaderĪllavsoft downloader is a video converter created for both Windows and Mac. Websites like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, TikTok, Vimeo, Dailymotion, ESPN, and much more are supported. All you need to enter is the video link in the search box and the tool does the rest. ĭ is a free video download tool that supports downloading videos from over 1,000 websites. This app is truly free and is frequently updated. This app allows you to save video in MP4, WMV, WEBM, MP3, M4A formats in the best HD quality. Free Video Downloader for YouTube from NotMP3ĭownload videos, music, playlists from YouTube, Vimeo, Facebook, TikTok and 1000+ more sites. This post shall highlight the top tools to use when downloading YouTube videos into MP4 format. For instance, there are specific tools for downloading YouTube videos to MP3, MP4, WAV, etc. The app that you use to download YouTube videos mostly depends on the format you want the content in. For instance, you cannot download copyrighted videos from YouTube without the owner’s express authorization.Īpart from licensing requirements, downloading videos from YouTube will also require special tools and software. While YouTube has standards on the nature of the content you can share on or download from the platform, the company imposes even more stringent measures when it comes to video downloads. And this is where many users face challenges. Once you’re accepted to the YouTube Partner Program, you could be taking home decent paychecks in YouTube revenue.īut besides uploading videos to YouTube, you can also download content from the platform. And if you’re enterprising enough, you could also launch a YouTube channel that you only use to post monetized videos. Users from all over the world can upload different kinds of videos onto the website, ranging from informational videos to entertainment videos, instructional videos, and even movies and television series. As a video-based platform, YouTube is widely renowned for its ease of use and accessibility. ![]() YouTube is the second-most popular social media platform after Facebook, and the most popular video-based social networking website. Free Video Downloader for YouTube from NotMP3 ![]() ![]() ![]()
![]() ![]() The 2020 Miami Open was postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic the tournament was held with limited attendance, and Hard Rock Stadium proper was therefore not used. New permanent courts were also built on the site's parking lots, including a new grandstand court. While it has the same number of seats as the center court at Crandon Park, it also has access to the stadium's luxury seating and suites. ![]() The stadium is primarily used for American football a modified seating layout with temporary grandstands is used as center court. ![]() In November 2017, the Miami Open signed an agreement with Miami-Dade County to move the annual tournament from the tennis complex in Key Biscayne to Hard Rock Stadium in Miami Gardens, Florida beginning in 2019. The organizers decided not to pursue further legal action and started looking for a new site. In 2015, an appeals court ruled in the family's favor, preventing upgrades from being made to the aging complex. The tournament organizers proposed a $50 million upgrade of Crandon Park that would have added several permanent stadiums, and the family responded with a lawsuit. The land on which the Crandon Park facility stands had been donated to Miami-Dade County by the Matheson family in 1992 under a stipulation that only one stadium could be built on it. The aging Crandon Park facility had been criticized as the slowest hard court on the tour, subjecting players to endless grinding rallies in extreme heat and humidity. In 2004, the Indian Wells Masters also expanded to a multi-week 96 player field, and since then, the two events have been colloquially termed the "Sunshine Double". In 1999, Buchholz sold the tournament to IMG. In keeping with ambitions of its founder, the tournament has been maintained as one of the premier events in pro tennis after the Grand Slams and the ATP World Tour Finals sometimes referred to as the "Fifth Major" up until the mid-2000s. After its successful year there, Merrett Stierheim, Dade County manager and Women's Tennis Association (WTA) president, helped Buchholz move the tournament to its long-term home in Key Biscayne from 1987. In 1986, the tournament was played at Boca West. The event's prize money has since grown to over $13 million. At the time, the prize money of US$1.8 million was surpassed only by Wimbledon and the US Open. Buchholz brought in Alan Mills, the tournament referee at Wimbledon, as the head referee, and Ted Tinling, a well-known tennis fashion designer since the 1920s, as the director of protocol. The first tournament was held in February 1985 at Laver's International Tennis Resort in Delray Beach, Florida. Buchholz approached the ATP and the WTA, offering to provide the prize-money and to give them a percentage of the ticket sales and worldwide television rights in return for the right to run the tournament for 15 years. His original aim was to make the event the first major tournament of the year (the Australian Open was held in December at that time), and he dubbed it the "Winter Wimbledon". The tournament officially was founded by former player Butch Buchholz who was executive director of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) in the 1980s. The initial idea of holding an international tennis tournament in Miami was born in the 1960s, when famous tennis players such as Pancho Gonzalez, Jack Kramer, Pancho Segura, Frank Sedgman, and Butch Buchholz toured across the country in a station wagon, playing tennis in fairgrounds with portable canvas court. History Ī 2009 match between Rafael Nadal and Juan Martín del Potro at Stadium Court In 2011, 316,267 visitors attended Miami. In 2010, a record 300,000 visitors attended matches at the 12-day tournament, making it one of the largest tennis tournaments outside the four Grand Slams. Behind the Indian Wells Masters, it is the second event of the "Sunshine Double"-a series of two consecutive hard court tournaments in the United States at the beginning of the season. The tournament had historically been held at the Tennis Center at Crandon Park in Key Biscayne, Florida from 1987 through 2018, before moving to Miami Gardens for 2019. The Miami Open is usually held between March and April. It is part of the men's ATP Tour Masters 1000 circuit, and part of the women's WTA 1000 circuit. The Miami Open (also known as the Miami Masters, and currently branded as the Miami Open presented by Itaú for sponsorship reasons) is a tennis tournament held at Hard Rock Stadium in Miami Gardens, Florida. ![]() |
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